What is Mpox and Why is Vaccination Important?
Mpox, commonly known as Monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by Orthopoxviruses, related to the virus that causes smallpox. Although less severe than smallpox, Mpox can lead to significant health issues, particularly in vulnerable populations. The rise in Mpox cases across Europe in 2022 has underscored the need for effective vaccination strategies.
Approved Vaccines and Their Efficacy
In Germany and other parts of Europe, the primary vaccine used to combat Mpox is Imvanex®, known as Jynneos® in the United States. This third-generation vaccine is based on a modified vaccinia Ankara virus, offering a robust immune response without replicating in the body. According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA, 2022), Imvanex® effectively stimulates both T-cell and antibody responses, providing substantial protection against Mpox.
Differences from Past Smallpox Vaccines
Previous smallpox vaccines, such as Dryvax and ACAM2000, were associated with significant side effects like myocarditis. In contrast, Imvanex® is designed to elicit a strong immune response with minimal side effects, making it suitable even for individuals with weakened immune systems.
Availability and Distribution in Germany
Initially limited to specialized centers, the distribution of the Mpox vaccine has expanded to selected general practitioners and HIV-specialty clinics. The German Federal Ministry of Health coordinates this effort in collaboration with the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI). However, availability can vary significantly across regions, with urban areas like Berlin and Hamburg often having better access compared to rural areas.
Prioritizing High-Risk Groups
The Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) prioritizes vaccination for high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men (MSM) with multiple partners and laboratory personnel exposed to Orthopoxviruses. This targeted approach aims to prevent outbreaks in vulnerable communities.
Costs and Insurance Coverage
The cost of a complete vaccination series with Imvanex® (two doses) ranges from €220 to €280. In many cases, statutory health insurance covers these costs for individuals in recommended risk groups. However, coverage can be less straightforward for those with private insurance, where prior approval may be necessary.
The Role of General Practitioners
General practitioners now play a crucial role in administering the Mpox vaccine, helping to increase vaccination rates. Practices must be authorized to receive the vaccine and trained in its administration. Before vaccination, a mandatory consultation assesses individual risks and informs patients of potential side effects.
Booster Shots and Long-term Immunity
Current research suggests that the immunity provided by the initial two doses of the Mpox vaccine lasts at least two years. STIKO recommends a booster dose after this period, particularly for those with ongoing high exposure risks or weakened immune systems.
Side Effects and Safety Considerations
The Mpox vaccine is generally well-tolerated. Common mild side effects include redness and pain at the injection site, while more serious reactions are extremely rare. Continuous monitoring by institutions like the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut helps ensure vaccine safety.
Conclusion: The Importance of Vaccination
Getting vaccinated against Mpox is a critical step in protecting individual and public health. The Imvanex® vaccine offers a safe and effective means to prevent outbreaks, particularly among high-risk groups and in areas with rising infection rates. By staying informed and proactive, individuals can contribute to broader public health efforts and reduce the risk of Mpox spread.